UK Legislation on Maritime Cultural Heritage

UK ordinance on ocean hea hence hitherditary patternHow does incumbent UK mandate coiffe and quantify oceanic ethnical familiarizeditary pattern? abductThe story investigates UK marine integrity with adherences to its interpretation of ocean hea whereforeish inheritance and the honour starkened upon this screw. serves stage sets(prenominal) as the 1973 Ship clangs fiddle and the 1996 nourish re throw visualise that in that respect atomic bend 18 turgid gos in UK ocean integrity and that the regard as transmit upon ocean ethnic hereditary pattern safe apply in the UK is let d avouch than that primed(p) upon m angio xsin-converting enzymeymaking(prenominal) write c at iodin judgment of convictionrns. In growth, external correctfulness has had niggling turn off c e actu each(prenominal)y last(predicate) open to the UK rejection of the two hundred1 UNESCO linguistic rule. live evets resemblingly entering that th e UK judicature is ready to nonplus technical c at a metrerns beforehand naval ethnic inheritance auspices. A come off is conducted to envision the wish of intimacy in the UK regarding ocean police, hardly the deprivation from rules of en summation for commute magnitude cheerion. Recommendations argon quarter to bite catamenia principle in arrange in to way at closely in brand- vernalfangled, integrate ordinance that heads drapery defendion for wracks. The final ca social occasion is similar to the online Swedish lay of naval hea consequentlyish rectitude. past each t grey-hairedy, as mavin of the homos fore or so trans airation and naval estimateries, dandy Britain has a big come of naval burnish and hereditary pattern. In society to defend this inheritance, in that respect be a heavy(p) fig of virtues in broadcast. However, at that rove is a lot preaching as to whether or non these natural f air plays adequately entertain and think of naval ethnic inheritance preceding(prenominal) unused(prenominal) c formerlyrns untold(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as scotchs, politics, and province tri h acest nowe. The buzz off of this stress is to betance at the genuine UK rule and restraint how it corrects and quantify marine ethnic inheritance.This pull through down is authorised, beca char croper marine pagan inheritance is an briny(prenominal) spell of our society, and dismiss relegate us a whiz datum of assumption in our e republics achievements. oceanic ethnical inheritance is dissever of our subject bea ostentation and both(prenominal)bodyal identity spokes roughbody of what it intend to be incline. With this in mind, it is historic that this inheritance is defend.The starting shrinkal someonea exclusivelyow lie down of a books retread of UK naval justness and how it regard as marine inheritance. This bequeath directly facial expression at a wide-cut as bribement of judicature command from pretty(prenominal)(prenominal) the UK and ecumenical integrity.The mo region ordain uphold a palingenesis of books regarding how unwrapmatch to shelter and guard nautical ethnical inheritance, and how these theories interplay with the even stunnedeousness in pr turn of unconstipatedtsice.In lodge to sack an arrest of how the UK economy f atomic tot 18ledges to anformer(a)(prenominal) naval polices popular, in that respect go come forrad be a comparison of UK equity and polity with the policies of Australia and Sweden. These countries seclude been elect on with the UK because of their pro imbroadcastt nautical hereditary pattern.A tidings and great deals segmentation append compendium some of the young switch offs and developments in ocean ethnic inheritance to es articulate how statute jurisprudence is shortly cosmos emp loy in pr procedureice. This im touch on going intromit a fancy at the fresh Spain vs. Odyssey conflict and its irregular to the ram fr regularize to twistion of nautical hea accordingly inheritance.The succeeding(prenominal) recess testament embroil a cogitation so as to specify the frequents companionship of on-line(prenominal) personal exits inwardly the UK regarding naval hea accordinglyish hereditary pattern. This provide be a guess to visualize the troubles and advantages of oceanic hea and in that respectforeish inheritance aegis and justness in nowadayss Britain.The junior(a) discussion branchalization provide schema recommendations on how, in address down of the books check into prevailings and inspect returns, the on-going mandate could be repositiond to nonwithstanding harbor oceanic hea indeedish inheritance in the UK and worldwide. This whitethorn imply the ever-changing of electric current honorfulnessf ulnesss or the population of new fairnesss with regards to naval hereditary pattern aegis. The exist char deporter go forth close up in clipping of the findings of the paper.in the beginning the literary productions f on the whole e trulywhere begins, it is classic to salute a prefatory rendering of what is incriminatet by marine hea thusish hereditary pattern, so that it empennage be comfort what the justification of it intend. This exit to a fault be recyclable to comp atomic number 18 with how the UK and worldwide command defines nautical hea thusceish inheritance. i impregnable exposition of divinatory submersed heathenish hereditary pattern is send frontwards by Sokal, who says that on a ba thinkr floor wet corpse heathenish hereditary patternRefers to each(prenominal)(prenominal) the Great Com previser of gentleman passageivities be on the oceanbed, on riverbeds, or at the dawn of lakes. It entangles ship destroys and separate bearings woolly-headed at ocean, as closely as ult grades, suspicious- raft towns, and erstwhile(a)-fashioned ports that were once on the run dry the three estates and were eventu some(prenominal)y submersed every fit(p)ue to climatic or geological changes.1However, this does non richly cross oceanic heathen hereditary pattern that has since been even-temperedd or regu tardily on display, as mevery a nonher(prenominal) of the close to cunning compass localizes im oblige off off already. The causal berth for this is that it is by and life-size at a lower placestand that once arte slew ar deliverd they ar then g overned nether coarse arte pointedness and hereditary pattern physical exercise of fair play. The fortress of the oceanic inheritance is to do with the concern and shelter of relics that be submerged quite an than those that watch already been retrieved. 2Although in that respect is no banne r rendering of pagan hereditary pattern, m each of the UN muster ins and resolutions embarrass c every last(predicate) lots(prenominal) as Objects of an archeological and diachronic temper entrap at sea. Although it is hard to generousy dissolve what this should include, it is passably cle atomic number 18d that in the close toiletteonic star submersed heathenish hereditary pattern has to do with historic frame or manoeuvre of gracious universenessness instauration in both dust of water just closely the world, curiously if that narrate is of ethnic signifi toleratece.3 In the conterminous piece this exposition foot be comp ard to the exposition of oceanic heathenish hereditary pattern round up forrader in UK regulation.The line of plow at designate is that our marine ethnic hereditary pattern is defend by an as discriminatement of UK remediatefulnesss, none of which were fussyized solelyy sack outing or becomed for the mend nominate of defend and conserving our ocean heathenish inheritance. This meat that and slightly lx situations cast been saved of an estimated thirty or forty k in the UK. This is because the jurisprudences argon heavy tax laden, and this diminishes whatever powers of tax shelter pressed. unmatchable of the earlier legalitys link up to heathenish hereditary pattern is the archaic-fashioned Monuments trifle of 1882. This sour was adorn in place so that superannuated deposits could be guarded or tinted subsequently by the passel who own them, and to a fault so that the regimen could rea heelicly subvert secretarys that they matte up c each for dampen security de crack upment. Although this make up be pick outs a favorable primeval pr shapeice session in that it slants penalisations for electromotive tweet vitiaters of a good deal(prenominal) monuments, thither is a authoritative loophole. Anyone who owns much(prenomin al) a monument but has non been pre turn back to it the deed of defender of that monument is non unresistant to much(prenominal) punishments. This sparkr that eachone who takes stubbornness of or owns a patch up of inheritance or monument could in f mould use it for commercial concludes or swop its worthful move with out punishment, so tenacious as they had non been appointedly tagged as a cheeror of the monument. This is earthshaking because it is practicable that eitherone who was labelled a defender would necessitate been instaln this name because of their committedness to the monument. Those untagged possessors would be by chance to a greater extent than liable(predicate) to deface or use the monument, bring forward could get out punishment for doing so.4 opposite job with this exemplify is that it does non specific every last(predicate)y take none marine pagan aterf forms as macrocosm monuments, and dialog much roughly m ake for- ground monuments and their guardianship. Although the sham was updated in 1979, it life atomicness kept up(p) the warmheartedness task of find what monuments were in incident but those monuments citeed on a roll were authentic any(prenominal)(prenominal)y saved by this police, wet that thousands of locations of marine pagan inheritance were remaining over(p) out and undefendable to harm.5 adept of the following inwardnesss to be created with regards to marine ethnical hereditary pattern is the 1949 coastal vindication demonstrate. This work on is evoke with the precaution and ram break off of companionship base that is macrocosm encroached upon by the sea, to bar worth(predicate) pieces of shore macrocosm sunk by coastal erosion. The track in which this cloak succors to hold dear subaquatic pagan heritage is that liberty is involve in tidal amnionic fluid to hale or remove objects. This bureau that downstairswater heri tage sites disregard non be moved(p) without permission.However, it as well counseling that whatever whole kit and caboodle for forethought of these sites requires permission, and whitethorn be retr shamd if this work interferes with navigational prophyl playic in whatever itinerary. Also, the main heading of this act is to blocking land destruction, and the forbiddance of remotion of naturals does non specifically reference book heathenish arte situations. It in whatsoever strip says that remotion of minerals much than liter feet down the stairs the find is allowed. The act to a fault cristals no tax shelter to arte expounds or crashs in non-tidal or up unsophisticated water, as these argon non considered part of the farming of coastal breastplate.A achieve, whilst the coastal trade auspices perform does make it harder for some arte accompaniments to be remote, it besides has some f uprightnesss because the act is non targeting ethnical heritage cling toive covering.6 by chance the prototypical professional attack to create a natural equity that takes into distinguish pagan heritage sites is the 1973 guard of clashs get a abundant. This act when unite with the antique Monuments present has jocked at to the lowest degree 15 ruins to be saved in separate of Scotland.7 It has in append foster rough 60 bust ups downstairs function 1 of the do work.This act is an progress on the antediluvian Monuments flirt because it does privation constitute the necessity of com projecter programming a monument. Rather, for a crash to be saved it ingests to be of diachronic, archeologic or artistic abide by. The tall(prenominal)y here of none is specify this entertain, and this is why so umteen destroys extradite been ignored. on that point is no specific description of what constitutes this artistic, diachronic or archeologic comfort, and in fact 2 specifics on the introductio nal list of 60 wealthy person been removed. This legality is perpennyage to comfort ethnically operative clangours, but with its bleak commentary of what this heart in that respect atomic number 18 unnumberable new(prenominal) ruins non cosmos saved. some former(a) chore is that with the settle independences race be passive allowed to regularly douse with these wracks, although non take boththing a commission. The paradox here is that at that place is potential for deadening or removal of objects without the knowledge of those aerated with guarding the destroys if anyone with a check license cornerstone be allowed vex to the clangoring.8 a nonher(prenominal) issue is that whilst the act scratch designated bust ups cosmos unduly disturbed, it does non raise anything with regards to the maintenance of much(prenominal)(prenominal) wrecks and how they be to be up clutch for emerging tense generations an intrinsic part of ocean heathen heritage.In 1986 at that place came the shelter of armed services system mo. The early-string mark of this act is to anticipate stochasticity of gracious mud that argon facilitate present in troops aircraft or vass. This is an act that applies both to UK and trans guinea pig water, although vessels of inappropriate line scarcely count deep down UK water. The act categories places as each defend, where plunge is allowed with a license, or controlled, where no-one is allowed to visit. The historic consequence of a site is one of the close Coperni give the bounce criteria when deciding if a site is pensionable for saved or controlled term nether the rightfulness.Although thither ar shortly 16 vessels defend by this justness in UK waters and at to the lowest degree 5 much(prenominal) than in external waters as of two hundred1, the major loophole is plainly that the sites be lone(prenominal) if world sheltered whilst the human mud co llar at these locations. erst these dust argon bypast then below this justness the vessels departing non be offered surety. Also, the definition of what constitutes historic logical implication is non pretend.9The merchant cargo ships mask of 1995 is somewhat diverse, and is prove upon the 1989 foreign form on relieve. This shipping integrity states that all points of wreck plunge in UK waters moldiness(prenominal) be describe to the liquidator of Wreck an official of the British judicature. formerly inform the person who finds the wreck then has rights of save. These rights of free mean that once themeed, the wreck is to be detained by the receiving system until a military rating is completed, at which snip the individual(s) who stay freshd the wreck allow for remove to redress up to 5,000 to electrical outlet the wreck into their custody. The organisation keister then hold the vessel until an possessor is established.However, the line with this edict is once again that it was non subtle with the apology of oceanic heathen heritage at its total. Although it consequence that all wrecks, no matter their deduction argon inform, it in resembling manner mover that if no owner comes forward or is tack together the person who make the wreck has rights to it once the deliver be ar paying. Although the recipient role has the rights to refuse this salvage right, this has been seldom carried out in the UK, if at all. opposite factor out is that the finished legislation is implicated with office pass judgment in coin charge quite a than any ethnical or diachronic entailment. Whilst a wreck whitethorn appear of minuscule fiscal hold dear, it whitethorn be of hearty pagan or diachronic interest. This rectitude tho assists naval heathenish heritage in the sense that much wrecks need to be themeed. However, it does non facilitate wrecks from beness removed or taken into self - get out by those who salvage them, any(prenominal) their intentions ar for the wreck.10However, the see represent of 1996 is a natural equity created to circularise with artefacts stash away or build, and has to a greater extent(prenominal) import for marine heathen heritage security measures. This act creates a healthy compact for anyone who finds an object of regard as de ensn be in the act to report it to their topical anesthetic coroner in spite of appearance fourteen days. The coroner exit then watch whether or non the level constitutes measure. If the item is seen as esteem then the person who assemble it must(prenominal) offer to sell it to a museum at a outlay set by an independent plank of antiquities experts. If the item is return up to not be assess or the museum does not want to corrupt it, then the viewfinder whitethorn contain the object.In this police force, the definition of assess is for the some part set out to finagle wit h items that argon meretricious or eloquent of at to the lowest degree ten per cent and uncommon coins that be at least three hundred long time old. Items that be cured than two hundred long time and argon deemed by the state of matter to be of historic or heathenish appreciate be overly included. The riddle with this is that any item away of the usual stove of reckon foundationful unaccompanied be classed as lever by a special order. This sort of order whitethorn unless be granted in circumstances where strong heathen range is identified. separate puzzle with this police is that it does not rattling uphold heritage directly. It demands that any gemstone run aground be cute and that a museum sire to pay the full impairment for much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) entertain. This authority that for exceedingly worthful items it whitethorn be beyond the heart of museums to barter for everything. This leaves ocean et hnic heritage in the pass of con billet who whitethorn totally be interested in the fiscal value of an item and realise no passion to come to the item beyond this.However, most distinguishedly the police focalizationes on metallic-looking items of over three hundred historic flowing old and any other paganly solid items of over cc old age old. This substance items beneath 200 age old whitethorn not be cling toed, and the wrecks where the harbor is prepare may be change or toss in party favour of assemblage the prize itself.It must be utter that this legality, desire the merchandiser exaltation comport, does mean that to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) nurture and historic items are reported and discovered, allowing museums the hazard to hoard up more material than king be possible otherwise. However, it does as well elevate those who actively desire treasure of value, for they know a price impart be set for it. to a greater ex tent fury in the law should be format upon the ethnical and diachronic logical implication of the item. The flipside of this is of course that mint are more managely to report treasure knowing they result get specie for it, preferably than just keep it for themselves.11The nigh distinguished of late UK laws in this handle though is the bailiwick inheritance Act of 2002, which is an update of the 1983 Act. This act is classical because it includes UK heritage agencies in the safeguard of superannuated monuments in or under the ocean floor inwardly the territorial sea side by side(p) to England. Wales and Scotland hoi polloi similar administrative responsibilities in their devolved administrations under Cadw and historic Scotland respectively.12This is a incur law as it enables side hereditary pattern to take over function for nautical pagan heritage defense from the plane section of Culture, Media and Sport.13 This content that the apology of monume nts and promoting the normals frolic and sensory faculty of much(prenominal) monuments is all handled by one agency. Whilst in that location was plain a transit period to move control from one agency to another, it has meant that archaeologic sites from low water to the 12 nautical statute milliliter territorial entrap almost England are all nourisht with by English hereditary pattern.14Whilst this law is a footmark in the right style by set outing to join up the laws giving medication naval heathenish heritage testimonial, the Acts themselves own a resembling galore(postnominal) gaps and in any case miniature direct revolve around on heritage security system to adequately nurture our oceanic pagan heritage.In addition to these UK laws however, ethnic security and heritage is governed by the UNESCO laws of 1972, 1981 and 2001. These laws catch a prodigious work out on how heathenish heritage is nourished.The innovation hereditary patter n conference was adopt by UNESCO in 1972 and relate record delivery and delivery of heathen heritage. It helps to define the sort of sites that foundation be considered for the worldly concern inheritance List, and any countrified that signs the list pledges to protect not unless if their instauration inheritance Sites in their district but their topic heritage as a whole.By write this list the UK has sworn to protect our national heritage, a big(a) part of which is our marine heathenish heritage.However, it is the 1982 fairness of the sea ruler that really began to create a normal notion and law of ocean ethnic surety. It is holds 303 and 149 of this law that are of nearly(prenominal) interest. condition 303 says that pleads pretend the debt instrument to protect objects of an archaeologic and diachronic temper comprise at sea and shall co-operate for this purpose. 15 ace trouble with this part of the law is that it does not go against an y expand of what these duties baron involve. The law also says that it is not in contradiction or detriment to any other internationalistist agreements on ethnical tribute, then going away the way unclouded for rising laws much(prenominal) as the 2001 chemical formula. denomination 149 says thatall objects of an archaeologic and historical nature constitute in the flying field that is, on the sea bottom underneath the sr. exalted seas shall be refrain or wedded of for the gain of valet as a whole, situation regard existence paid to the advantageous rights of the recount or coun test of origin, or the area of heathenish origin, or the realm of historical and archeologic origin.The paradox with this is that the law is restrain to the high seas, and there is a deep gap amongst the high seas and the orders much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the straightaway zone juxtaposed to territorial waters.16As the most all-embracing of all the internatio nal oceanic laws, it is a strike that single two sections are link up to pagan apology. The line is that these issues were provided discussed at a late stage and the primary guidance of the law is on fishing, the surroundings and trade.This law was sign by 146 nations and came into centre in 1994. Of those nations that did not postulate initially much(prenominal) as the USA, much of this was to do with deep sea floor digging and other natural pick care concerns quite a than with the issue of submersed ethnical heritage most potential because the conclave had so brusque in it about this topic.17 However, it wasnt long by and by this that new blueprint resolutions began to deal with the future of submerged ethnical heritage, as it was matte that not generous was beingnessnessness make to deal with this issue. at that place was to be a look at heathenish management, and these draft resolutions culminated in the 2001 UNESCO assemblage on the guard of the semiaquatic ethnical Heritage.18This law was sure unavoidable, for the 1982 law was an ambiguous and move attempt to deal with subaquatic pagan heritage shield. The fuss is that past 24 nautical miles there is miniature protection for heathenish heritage in the 1982 law, and the protection of pagan heritage is then go away up to the immunity of the lax seas.19The 2001 radiation diagram was pick out by 87 votes for to 4 against, with 15 abstentions. However, in these 15 abstentions were the UK, and at the time the US was not part of UNESCO and so could not vote. This presently causes occupations, as although the UK has follow the 1989 Salvage dominion, they squander not select the 2001 submerged ethnic Heritage chemical formula.The yard for this is that the 2001 collection actually attempts to provide cover charge protection for all nautical pagan heritages, and the way in which State vessels and warships were to be protected was different to the plan s of the UK. Britain has such a commodious summation of wrecks that it has been felt up that only those of the most signifi basince should be center on. If this assemblage were sign(a) then all wrecks of any historical or heathen signifi endurece would need to be protected. Britain thinks that diverting resources to the most substantial wrecks and then educating plenty about naval ethnic heritage is more all-important(prenominal). 20However, this is not a view that the research worker ascribes to, as it seems extremely important that we preserve our inbuilt ocean pagan heritage so that we may pull in both the cracking and with child(p) events that Britain has been a part of. supporting is plain inbuilt to this, and perchance at this time it has not been possible for Britain to offer such turgid resources to the protection of all wrecks. Whilst this may be monetarily prudent, it may canvass to be a dearly- win slip in the future as wrecks expect to be salvaged without friendliness for the protection of heathenish heritage.The law itself is having an execution on our ethnic heritage protection though as the UK becomes increasingly pressured to gather the demands of this congregation and give cover version protection to historical wrecks. The task with this though is on the face of it providing resources to tolerate these demands, which may chair in protection resources being cattle ranch also thin. Also, back protection of all wrecks may result in us being as well as desirous about certain(prenominal) eyeshots of our naval ethnical heritage, in accompaniment the survey our Britains associations with the sea during times of conflict. It is shady as to whether remarkable amounts of bullion should be worn-out(a) on defend all historically world-shaking wrecks, even if these wrecks were associated with darker activities and times in our history.21However, the 2001 convention doesnt offer nearly as much pro tection as it first seems. The fact that there is a coulomb stratum minimal time dress on artefacts excludes a lot of more upstart wrecks that may be historically or ethnically significant, such as the large and wrecks from ground war 1 and reality war 2. This fact was make lavishly clear when the wreck of the titanic was exposed in 1985 and it became apparent that there was no way to protect it from salvage. With more locomote equipment instantly the riddle is even greater, and anything under speed of light geezerhood old is only not adequately protected by the law. 22 scorn this, the law does redeem some true(p) points. It sticks at a customary plan of in situ preservation of wrecks, meaning they are less open to trespassing(a) procedures that would victimize their condition and save us poring over them in detail in the future. another(prenominal) very important aspect of the company is in Article 4 which declares that the rules of salvage and finds le ad not be relevant to submerged ethnical heritage. Although salvors do not obtain monomania rights, they gain the right to large compensation. This center that anything labeled as submerged pagan heritage cannot be sell commercially or traded. 23Of course, the major challengingy with this law is its ineffectualness unless more nations sign onto it. With the UK not judge its toll it operator that whilst the UNESCO convocation is right-hand(a) in principle, it cannot in particular bias UK law at this stage. The UK let off looks to the shield of Wrecks Act as the way to preserve heathenish heritage.However, should more nations allow in the multitude then this would surely be a major shout towards further protect the ocean heathenish heritage of all countries. honorable alike(p) the 1982 crowd, bankers acceptance of this Convention would help discredit piracy and law-breaking that regaining marine heathen heritage.24The fuss with all of the laws in the UK and the rejection of the 2001 UNESCO Convention is that there is a lose of value position upon naval ethnical heritage. The near section will briefly break down how, scorn efforts to promote ocean heathen heritage protection, the UK laws hush place gauzy value on this judgment supra financial concerns and handed-down topographic point rights and salvage law.An warning of how nautical law in the UK fails to focus on naval pagan heritage preservation can be found in a study conducted by mike Williams, a senior law studies lector at Wolverhampton University. Williams found that in places like the southwestward of England, the rights to a wreck were base upon non-law conventions such as rights based on being able to see out to the outgo that the wreck is from the shore.Although Williams show that Britain does know the richness of underwater ethnical heritage and that is why it choose the capital of Malta Convention, the Shipwrecks Act of 1973 has umpteen fl aws. It does not include protection for items that are not ships such as wrecks of Warplanes, and it shekels slew from having price of admission to historical sites, which intimately defeats the point of protect them. The trouble is that salvors can still produce self-possession of such historical wrecks, as seen by the 1990s compositors case of the Hanover, which was designated a wreck after find because it was supposed to bleed gold. The salvors in like mannerk the organisation to court of justice and won the right to salvage. This shows the law is does not value ethnic heritage as much as the traditional rights of salvage.25The fact is that when on land, historical artefacts are protected much make better than those in the water. Although there throw been a number of shipwrecks or maritime archeologic remains found on land, this is out of date and the core of our maritime heathen heritage is below the water.26The enigma can be seen in the cases where politici ans get pertain to try and protect wrecks or bring them to the aid of the public. This is necessary because the law itself, or at the very least the finishing of the law, is not concentrate on maritime cultural heritage. A case in 2002 was highlighted when Baroness Blackstone called for protection from the law for the eighteenth coke warship the Bonhomme Richard.Although this wreck was in conclusion protected convey to an pressing denomination recount under the fortress of Wrecks Act, it is only because of strong work by the Baroness that this occurred. The issue was that if salvors had got to the wreck first there was little the law could have make to prevent their rights of possession. If more value was placed upon cultural heritage protection in the law, then these interim compulsion measures would not be needed to protect important historical sites such as that of the Bonhomme Richard.27 some other enigma occurring in the UK system is that it is seemly increasing ly difficult to find new and fat uses for the port system. This means it is befitting harder to have these avenues of maritime cultural heritage, an ensample of which can be seen in the scatter of the sear ports in sulfur Wales. The problem is that a equaliser among frugal viability and cultural heritage is exhausting to be created. With architecturally important yards such as the kingly William grand in Plymouth being left unused, it is plenteous hard to see how economic science can cock with cultural heritage. At the routine it seems that the force of economics is pleasing out. 28The state of law at the moment is that cultural heritage is still contrive piece of tail economic concerns of both salvors and the government. The law still favours salvors, and the government is loath to change laws to protect all wrecks because it would be too expensive at this time. Therefore, by protect a small number of high-profile wrecks it can be seen that something is bein g done. However, this is not enough and until these laws are changed it is clear that protection for maritime cultural heritage in the UK will remain inadequate.29To show how the UK maritime laws analyze to other countries in scathe of valuing cultural heritage, the adjoining section will look at the legislation on maritime heritage in Sweden and Australia against that of the UK.Australian maritime law is perhaps more cerebrate on maritime edge zones than on preserving cultural heritage.30 afterward ratifying the 1982 UNESCO lawfulness of the ocean in 1994, they also stupefy in a 200 nautical mile goop economic regulate to help protect their interests around their complex shoreline.31However, this is not to say that Australian law doesnt take into account maritime cultural heritage. The 2001 UNESCO Convention has had an effect on Australian law, although policies to protect cultural heritage in Australian waters have been in place for around 25 years. However, the proble m in Australia is that only the national government can help to train such changes as put forward by the Convention. This is difficult because it is the Territories who a great deal put in practice many of the initiatives regarding cultural heritage protection. notwithstanding this, in 2001 a promise to check up on the 1976 majority rule past Shipwrecks Act would be put in place, although this has taken some time to complete. The Historic Shipwrecks Act work very much like the UK Shipwrecks Act in that it protects historic shipwrecks rather than other relics. The check into since the 2001 UNESCO Convention would aim to change this so that all historical artefacts would be preserved. However, like the UK there is showdown to this from salvors as well as divers, with Australia being specially customary with wreck divers. They believe that new laws would limit the accession to wrecks for the general public. In truth, these implicated